The human digestive system contains trillions of microorganisms that help regulate digestion, immunity and other bodily functions.
Research into the microbiome — the community of bacteria living in the gut — has expanded rapidly in recent years, changing how scientists understand health.
Studies suggest gut health may influence not only digestion, but also inflammation, metabolism and aspects of mental wellbeing.
This has increased interest in probiotics, fibre-rich diets and fermented foods designed to support microbial balance.
However, researchers caution that the science is still developing and that many commercial claims move faster than the evidence.
Experts say the future of healthcare may involve more personalised approaches based on understanding the body’s internal ecosystems.
