Debt has long been part of economic systems, but its scale is reaching new levels across governments, businesses and households.
Public borrowing expanded significantly during global crises, as countries financed stimulus programmes and economic support. At the same time, higher interest rates are increasing the cost of servicing that debt.
For households, mortgages, student loans and credit have become central to financial life, shaping long-term spending and stability.
Financial institutions such as International Monetary Fund monitor global debt levels closely, warning that high borrowing can limit flexibility during future economic shocks.
Yet debt is not inherently negative. It can support investment, growth and infrastructure development when managed sustainably.
The challenge lies in balance: too little borrowing can slow growth, while too much can create vulnerability.
Experts say the future of finance will depend on how economies manage rising debt in an environment of uncertainty.
