Central banks were designed to operate independently from day-to-day politics, focusing on inflation, employment and financial stability.
In recent years, however, their role has become more politically sensitive.
Rising inflation, higher interest rates and growing public debt have increased pressure on institutions such as the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank.
Decisions about borrowing costs now directly affect housing markets, government spending and household finances in highly visible ways.
At the same time, central banks are being drawn into debates about inequality, climate risk and economic resilience.
Critics argue that monetary policy alone cannot solve structural problems. Supporters say independent central banks remain essential for long-term stability.
Experts suggest the future challenge will be maintaining credibility and independence while operating in a more politically polarised environment.
In that sense, central banking is becoming not only an economic task, but a question of public trust.
